The Blood of Yingzhou District (dir. Ruby Yang) / Henan blood-selling scandal / 1990s
Beneath the quiet villages of Henan and neighboring Anhui in the 1990s was a state-tolerated 'blood economy' that would become one of modern China’s most devastating public‑health disasters. Established in the 1950s to support rural healthcare, the local plasma and blood‑collection system became a lucrative cash source in the 1980s–90s. To maximize short‑term profit, technicians routinely pooled donors’ blood to extract plasma and then reinfused the remaining pooled blood back into other donors, allowed people to give plasma multiple times a day, and neglected sterilization. Those practices, concentrated in Henan, turned simple blood‑donation booths into transmission hubs for HIV. Healthcare workers first linked rising AIDS cases to blood-selling in January 1995, but provincial officials repeatedly denied the problem until it became impossible to hide around 2000. Estimates in the aftermath placed the toll at hundreds of thousands infected — often quoted between 500,000 and 700,000 — and entire villages of children were left orphaned when parents succumbed to AIDS.
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