Moscow Strikes Back began life as a Soviet frontline documentary directed by Ilya Kopalin and Leonid Varlamov and assembled from a mix of new battle footage, captured German reels, American newsreels and even samples of prewar Russian films such as Eisenstein's Alexander Nevsky. The film's English-language incarnation became a peculiar transatlantic production: the narration for the English version was credited to Albert Maltz (with uncredited contributions from Jay Leyda and Elliot Paul), it was voiced by Edward G. Robinson, edited for its U.S. release by émigré montage genius Slavko Vorkapich with a musical arrangement by Dimitri Tiomkin, and distributed in America by Artkino Pictures and Republic Pictures. The U.S. cut shown in New York on 15 August 1942 was not a straight translation of the Soviet print — it was shortened by fourteen minutes, recut and re‑narrated to strip away much of the original Soviet ideological framing in order to make the material palatable and compelling to American audiences and wartime sensibilities.
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