At the peak of his creative powers Gene Kelly made what many historians now call a classic studio-era Faustian bargain. In December 1951 he signed an MGM contract that sent him to Europe for 19 months to spend MGM’s "frozen" foreign earnings — money studios could not repatriate because of postwar currency controls — and to take advantage of tax exemptions available to Americans working overseas. The deal was presented as a way to keep Kelly busy and to turn a personal tax advantage into three pictures funded by money otherwise stranded abroad. Kelly poured his creative energy into one of those projects, Invitation to the Dance, a privately cherished attempt to bring modern ballet to mass audiences. The production, however, was plagued by technical difficulties and delays and when it finally bowed in 1956 it was a critical and commercial failure. The film’s collapse transformed what had been seen as a daring personal project into a costly misstep that left Kelly with diminished clout at MGM.
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