Terry Gilliam's 1988 fantasy became trapped in a brutal change of regime at Columbia Pictures. Producer Thomas Schühly later said that the project had originally been structured around a budget of roughly $34–35 million, following an earlier arrangement with 20th Century Fox and producer Arnon Milchan. But after David Puttnam, the Columbia executive who had obtained the American distribution rights, was fired, the studio's new chief executive, Dawn Steel, refused to honor Puttnam's previous oral commitments and insisted that Columbia would spend no more than $25 million. According to Schühly, everyone involved understood that the lower figure was effectively fictional: the production could not realistically be completed at that level, yet the studio treated the gap as the filmmakers' problem. The reported final cost rose to $46.63 million, although Gilliam disputed figures above $40 million and maintained that the true cost was closer to the mid-$30 millions. The result was not merely an expensive production but a corporate power struggle in which Gilliam's film became identified with the ousted Puttnam regime. Gilliam repeatedly tried to persuade Steel that this was not a Puttnam movie but a Terry Gilliam movie, without success. The studio's hostility helped create the narrative that the director had recklessly lost control, even though the budget dispute had been embedded in the project's shifting financing and management from the beginning.
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