One of the most extraordinary production sagas of the 1980s was not a stunt or a meltdown but diplomacy: Bernardo Bertolucci’s The Last Emperor became the first Western feature ever authorized to shoot inside Beijing’s Forbidden City. Producer Jeremy Thomas — who famously raised the film’s roughly $25 million budget largely on his own, at one point scouring phone books for financiers — shepherded an independent production into the orbit of the newly opened People’s Republic of China. The accommodation went far beyond permission for locations. For crowd scenes the production drafted some 19,000 extras, with the People’s Liberation Army mobilized to fill ranks and give the film its overwhelming historical scale.
That unprecedented access came with its own kind of studio-like oversight. Thomas later recalled that the approval process with Chinese authorities was a negotiation of script notes and name changes before the proverbial stamp of approval was applied — “less difficult than working with the studio system,” he quipped, but still a form of state control over content. The arrangement allowed Bertolucci astonishing cinematic authenticity — entire stretches of the film were shot on-site in the imperial complex — but it also set a template for how a Western director could work inside a tightly managed political system: an uneasy bargain of creative freedom against government supervision, cameo appearances by real-life figures such as the real Jin Yuan, and the soft diplomacy that presaged later Sino-Western co-productions.
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