The Counterfeiters dramatizes one of the most morally wrenching and bizarre episodes of World War II: Operation Bernhard, Nazi Germany's secret plan to flood the British economy with forged Bank of England notes. The film is grounded in the real memoir of Adolf Burger (Komando padělatelů / The Devil's Workshop) — a Jewish Slovak typographer arrested in 1942 for forging baptismal certificates to save Jews and later interned at Sachsenhausen to work on the counterfeiting commando. Under coercion, prisoners with artistic and printing skills were removed from extermination lines and consigned to a relatively privileged, grotesquely liminal existence: good bunks, adequate food and the constant knowledge that their work served the German war effort. Stefan Ruzowitzky consulted closely with Burger while scripting and producing the 2007 film, which won that year's Best Foreign Language Film Oscar, ensuring the movie's moral complexities reflected the survivor's testimony.
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