When Madeline Anderson proposed Integration Report One, a documentary about the civil-rights struggle unfolding in the late 1950s, she discovered that the industry's indifference could be nearly as obstructive as outright censorship. Executives did not consider the subject commercially interesting, so the film could not rely on conventional financing. Anderson used part of her own salary from Andover Productions and solicited donations to keep the project alive. Richard Leacock encouraged her, D. A. Pennebaker built a device that enabled tracking shots, and Maya Angelou contributed a free performance of “We Shall Overcome.”
Anderson began filming in 1959, opening with a school-education demonstration in Brooklyn's Ocean Hill-Brownsville neighborhood before traveling through the South to record the broader movement. Even after completing the film in 1960, she struggled to find a distributor. Rather than shelve the documentary, she exhibited it in churches and colleges until Columbia University's distribution outlet eventually picked it up. Anderson had originally envisioned two further installments, Integration Report Two and Integration Report Three, but the lack of interested funders prevented the planned trilogy. In 2015, the National Museum of African American History and Culture recognized the film as the first documentary directed by an African-American woman, giving historical weight to a work that mainstream distribution had initially treated as unimportant.
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