After the commercial triumph of Batman, Burton agreed to direct a sequel only after Warner Bros. granted him unusually broad creative control. The result, Batman Returns, was a markedly darker and more personal film, built around Danny DeVito's grotesque Penguin, Michelle Pfeiffer's fetish-inspired Catwoman, and Christopher Walken's predatory corporate villain Max Shreck. Although the movie grossed approximately $282.8 million worldwide, studio executives and commercial partners worried that its disturbing imagery, sexual undertones, and nightmarish tone were unsafe for the children who had driven the Batman merchandising phenomenon. Warner Bros. responded by moving Burton out of the director's chair for the third installment, Batman Forever. Burton remained attached as a producer and received prominent producer credit, but the source text states that he was not allowed to contribute ideas beyond approving the director and screenwriters. Joel Schumacher was brought in, Michael Keaton departed rather than continue under the changed creative direction, and Val Kilmer replaced him. Warner Bros. then pushed the next film toward brighter colors, neon imagery, and a more child-friendly tone, demonstrating how merchandising and audience demographics could overrule an auteur's control even after a successful film.
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