Ron Clements and John Musker first conceived Treasure Planet as a science-fiction adaptation of Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island, but Disney repeatedly refused to make it. The project was initially rejected during a 1980s idea session: Michael Eisner objected that Paramount was developing a Star Trek sequel with a Treasure Island-related angle. After The Little Mermaid and Aladdin made Clements and Musker two of Disney’s most valuable animation teams, they revived the idea, only to have Jeffrey Katzenberg reject it again in 1993 because he disliked relocating a classic adventure story into outer space. Rather than simply approving the film, Katzenberg struck a bargain with the directors: they would first deliver another commercially viable Disney feature before the studio would consider Treasure Planet or a comparable project. Clements and Musker chose Hercules, and in 1995 they secured a seven-year contract stipulating that Disney would produce Treasure Planet or another project of their choice after Hercules. The contract finally forced the long-delayed film into production, but the victory became a financial disaster. Released in 2002 after a reported production cost of approximately $140 million, Treasure Planet earned only about $38 million in the United States and Canada and just under $110 million worldwide. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, but its box-office failure demonstrated how even a celebrated creative team could spend years fighting the studio for a personal project and still emerge with a commercial loss.
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