Saul Levitt's courtroom drama The Andersonville Trial opened at Henry Miller's Theatre on December 29, 1959, a tightly written examination of the 1865 court-martial of Confederate prison commander Henry Wirz. The production — directed by José Ferrer and running for 179 performances — assembled a formidable company: George C. Scott as Norton P. Chipman, Herbert Berghof as Wirz, Albert Dekker as defense counsel, Russell Hardie as General Lew Wallace, and veteran character actor Ian Keith as Dr. John C. Bates, the Andersonville surgeon whose testimony carried weight for the prosecution. Midway through the run, however, the company was struck by real-world tragedy when Ian Keith died during the show's engagement. The loss of a principal player in a live theatrical run forced immediate logistics: the production replaced Keith with Douglas Herrick and had to steady a company already engaged in a strenuous moral and emotional drama about suffering, culpability, and the human cost of war.
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