Blade Runner became a textbook example of how studios could seize control of a director's work after principal photography. Test screenings prompted executives and distributors to demand a voice-over explaining the story, the removal of a Holden hospital scene, and a more reassuring ending in which Deckard and Rachael escape the dystopian city. The changes pushed the film away from Ridley Scott's bleak, ambiguous conception and toward a conventional science-fiction thriller. At least seven different versions eventually circulated, including the 1982 theatrical cut, a workprint that gained a strong response at screenings, the 1992 Director's Cut, and the 2007 Final Cut. The latter was the first version over which Scott retained complete artistic control. The saga also shows the commercial afterlife of a troubled studio film: Blade Runner initially underperformed in North America, but its video-rental popularity helped create the momentum for the Director's Cut and made it one of the earliest major films released on DVD.
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