During World War II Budd Schulberg served in the U.S. Navy's Office of Strategic Services and was attached to John Ford's Field Photographic Branch. In the immediate aftermath of victory in Europe he was among the men who witnessed the liberation of Nazi concentration camps — images and scenes that would haunt a generation — and was tasked with gathering evidence for the Nuremberg Trials. In one extraordinary episode Schulberg and colleagues arrested famed German filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl at her chalet in Kitzbühel, Austria, to have her view captured German footage and identify faces of Nazi figures. According to Schulberg, Riefenstahl responded with what he called 'the usual song and dance,' insisting she was 'not political' and claiming to be misunderstood. Working with Soviet-appointed Georgy Avenarius, who opened UFA and Nazi newsreel holdings, the Field Photo team assembled two crucial compilations — Nazi Concentration Camps and The Nazi Plan — which were shown during the trials as documentary evidence. The work fused cinema and jurisprudence: filmmakers and film archives became evidentiary weapons against industrial-scale atrocity and left an indelible moral imprint on Schulberg's life and later writing.
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