When Christina Aguilera signed with RCA Records after recording “Reflection” for Disney’s Mulan in 1998, she reportedly wanted to make music influenced by R&B and soul. The label instead steered her toward the commercially dominant teen-pop sound of the late 1990s, investing more than $1 million in songwriters, producers, and vocal training as it built her debut album. The strategy worked spectacularly: Christina Aguilera was released on August 24, 1999, debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, and produced three U.S. number-one singles. Yet the arrangement also illustrated the era’s tension between a young singer’s artistic identity and the record industry’s carefully engineered pop marketplace. Aguilera later used new management and increasingly dramatic image changes to move away from the teen-idol persona that RCA had helped create, eventually taking a more active role in writing and executive-producing her work on Stripped.
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