What began as a high‑ambition adaptation of Aldous Huxley and John Whiting turned into one of the great examples of studio panic and censor warfare. United Artists courted Ken Russell after the success of Women in Love and announced the project in August 1969, but when executives finally read Russell’s finished screenplay they "refused to touch it" — abandoning the film despite the fact that production designer Derek Jarman had already built massive white city sets on Pinewood’s backlot. Those abandoned sets (the largest on Pinewood since Cleopatra) and Russell’s uncompromising script were then picked up by Warner Bros. in March 1970, but the transfer of studios did not mute the cultural backlash. Upon release The Devils earned X ratings in both the U.S. and the U.K., was banned outright in several countries, and was the target of intense cuts and moral condemnation from social groups and studio executives alike. The film’s explicit blend of sacrilege and sexuality made it a censorship test case: despite festival praise (Russell won Best Director at Venice and the film took awards from the National Board of Review) the director’s original vision was effectively sidelined for decades. The director’s cut finally saw a limited UK theatrical airing in 2002 but has never had an official, unexpurgated home‑media release for most markets; the movie remained banned in Finland until 2001. The long history of cuts, bans and studio refusals turned The Devils from a scandalous art film into a symbol of how studios, rating boards and cultural gatekeepers could blunt and bury a controversial director’s work.
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