On February 23, 1975, 25-year-old James Bowden, an unarmed Black hospital janitor, was fatally shot by undercover officers of Boston's Tactical Patrol Force during a mistaken robbery stakeout. The officers had been told to look for two tall, thin Black suspects, yet Bowden was only 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighed about 180 pounds. According to the account later presented in Lawrence O'Donnell's 1983 book Deadly Force and the 1986 television film adapted from it, officers Duggan and Mooney rushed Bowden as he entered a car they believed was connected to the robbery. They later claimed that Bowden struck Mooney with the vehicle and that they had fired in self-defense, but their version was undermined by contradictory reports, the fact that Bowden had been shot in the back, and the discovery of an alleged gun roughly 100 feet from his body. The vehicle and license information had also been confused with those of the actual getaway car, while the supposed escape route included a street blocked by concrete bollards.
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