The Amerithrax case was damaged not only by the elusive sender but also by early investigative and scientific decisions. In October 2001, the FBI and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention authorized Iowa State University to destroy its anthrax archives, a move that eliminated material that might have helped investigators compare strains or establish provenance. The case was then flooded with false leads and copycat scares: harmless white powder was sent to the New York Times and opened by reporter Judith Miller, a letter received by Microsoft in Reno falsely tested positive for anthrax, and other bizarre mailings involving pornography, pink powder, a cigar, chewing tobacco, and a Star of David pendant were wrongly considered possible connections. The government's shifting claims about the powder's supposed additives further confused the public and shaped premature theories about foreign terrorists. Years later, the National Academy of Sciences criticized the limits of the scientific evidence supporting the FBI's attribution to Ivins. The government also settled a lawsuit brought by the widow of first victim Robert Stevens for $2.5 million, explicitly without admitting liability and stating that the payment avoided the costs and risks of further litigation. Together, these episodes left Amerithrax remembered as a case in which institutional pressure, premature theories, destroyed evidence, and media sensationalism compounded the original crime.
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