Patrick Collins Inc. / 2010s
Between September 2010 and September 2012, Patrick Collins Inc., the company associated with adult-film producer and director Patrick Collins, launched a sprawling copyright-enforcement campaign against roughly 200 anonymous defendants identified only as “John Does” or by their internet protocol addresses. The suits alleged that subscribers had illegally downloaded Patrick Collins-owned adult films through BitTorrent, a peer-to-peer file-sharing system. Rather than initially knowing the individuals’ names, the company sought subpoenas aimed at internet providers—including major companies such as Comcast and Verizon—to force disclosure of the subscribers connected to the listed IP addresses. The strategy reflected a controversial feature of early-2010s piracy litigation: copyright holders could use federal lawsuits and discovery requests to identify alleged downloaders, but an IP address did not necessarily establish which person had performed a download or whether the subscriber was responsible for the activity.
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