When the Academy Awards were handed out for films released in 1941, How Green Was My Valley — John Ford's sentimental coal-mining saga — pulled off one of the most discussed upsets in Oscar history. The film was nominated for ten Academy Awards and walked away with five, including the coveted Best Picture, famously beating Orson Welles' Citizen Kane along with contenders such as Sergeant York and The Maltese Falcon. Ford took Best Director and Donald Crisp won Best Supporting Actor; the production's wins for cinematography and art direction further underscored the Academy's preference for the film's traditional, humanist storytelling over the formal audacity of Kane. The result sparked decades of criticism and reassessment: film historians and critics have argued back and forth about whether the Academy shortchanged innovation for established studio sensibilities, and the contest has become a touchstone in debates about awards politics and the preservation of reputations — even as both films have endured as classics and How Green Was My Valley was later selected for the National Film Registry in 1990.
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