The production of Steven Spielberg's 1975 Jaws is legend among cursed shoots. Three full-size mechanical great whites were built under the supervision of production designer Joe Alves and special-effects man Robert A. Mattey to realize the novel's killer — but none behaved. The models had never been tested in open water; when the full-body unit was lowered into the Atlantic off Martha's Vineyard it promptly sank to the sea floor, forcing divers to retrieve it. Saltwater corrosion ate at the sharks' hydraulic guts, cameras and rigging were constantly soaked, unwanted sailboats drifted into pristine frames, and at one point the Orca itself began to take on water with Roy Scheider, Richard Dreyfuss and Robert Shaw aboard. The production, under producers Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown, ballooned from an anticipated $4 million to roughly $9 million. The mechanical sharks — nicknamed collectively "Bruce" after Spielberg's lawyer — continued to malfunction, and the breakdowns forced Spielberg into a creative pivot: show less of the shark, shoot the yellow barrels, the fin, and the rippling water. That constraint produced Hitchcockian suspense and a tighter edit, but the day-to-day reality was chaos on the ocean, countless delays, expensive repairs, and a shoot that became as much about survival as filmmaking. The story lives on as a textbook example of how catastrophic special-effects failure can both threaten a production and, paradoxically, change a film's aesthetic and long-term legacy.
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