The Conqueror’s production reads like a textbook Hollywood oddity that metastasized into one of the most persistent and tragic film-set legends. Shot in 1954 on location around St. George, Utah (Snow Canyon, Pine Valley, Leeds, Harrisburg and the Escalante Desert), the epic—co-produced by Howard Hughes, directed by Dick Powell and headlined by John Wayne—was filmed roughly 137 miles downwind of the Nevada test site during the era of above-ground atomic testing. The region had borne heavy fallout from Operation Upshot–Knothole in 1953 (eleven above-ground detonations that year) and, overall, more than 100 nuclear explosions were conducted in the Nevada/Utah/Arizona region from 1951–1962. The filmmakers knew tests were occurring and the federal government had publicly assured residents the blasts posed no public-health hazard; studio crews pressed on regardless, with Hughes later even shipping 60 tons of Utah dirt back to Hollywood to match the look of the locations for reshoots.
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