J. Stuart Blackton abandoned the whimsical experimentation associated with his early Vitagraph pictures when he made The Battle Cry of Peace in 1915, a fiercely interventionist film arguing that the United States should join the Allies in World War I. The production was not merely a private artistic project: former president Theodore Roosevelt became one of its most enthusiastic supporters and persuaded General Leonard Wood to lend Blackton an entire regiment of Marines to appear as extras. That extraordinary military cooperation gave the picture a scale and apparent authority far beyond that of an ordinary commercial drama. When released, the film provoked a national controversy comparable to the furor surrounding D. W. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation. Its opponents viewed the movie as militaristic propaganda designed to inflame public opinion and push the still-neutral United States toward war. The episode demonstrated how early American filmmakers could become political campaigners, using mass spectacle, military hardware, and celebrity endorsements to influence foreign-policy debates before the United States entered the conflict.
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