Thomas J. Armat & Charles Francis Jenkins (Phantoscope) / Thomas Edison (Vitascope) / 1890s
What began as a collaboration between two classmates at the Bliss Electrical School in Washington, D.C. in 1894 — Thomas J. Armat and Charles Francis Jenkins — quickly turned into one of the earliest and most telling credit fights in cinema’s infancy. The pair teamed to perfect a projector built around a new intermittent "beater mechanism" and an independent use of the Latham loop; they publicly debuted their Phantoscope at the Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta in September 1895. Almost immediately after that public success, the partnership collapsed over ownership of the invention. Jenkins attempted to assert himself as sole inventor; his claim was rejected, and the dispute ended with Jenkins selling his interest to Armat. In short order Armat sold the patent to Thomas Edison, who rebranded and aggressively marketed the device as the "Vitascope," staging a high-profile New York City screening beginning April 23, 1896 that ran for more than a week and helped mainstream projected motion pictures.
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