On 10 July 1959 a nitrate film fire broke out and destroyed a portion of the Cinémathèque Française’s collection — an event that remains one of the darkest and most disputed episodes in Henri Langlois’s custodianship. Langlois, who had grown the collection from a handful of titles in 1936 to tens of thousands by the late 1950s, was notorious for his romantic, often chaotic approach to preservation; critics contrasted his methods with the scientific cataloguing favoured by archivists like Britain’s Ernest Lindgren. Contemporary accounts and later sources disagree about both the cause of the blaze and the full extent of the loss, and that uncertainty hardened into a long-lived controversy about Langlois’s record-keeping and storage practices. The 1959 fire and the subsequent questions about how such irreplaceable material had been housed eroded confidence among some international archivists and helped set the stage for institutional tensions that followed.
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