When John Schlesinger brought his first American feature, Midnight Cowboy (1969), to early preview audiences, the reaction was explosive and raw in a way few studio pictures of the era had provoked. As actor Dustin Hoffman later recalled, viewers "walked out in droves" after seeing a scene in a Times Square grindhouse in which a male student performs oral sex on one of the film's protagonists. That preview hysteria was not idle bravado: Schlesinger, the cast and the production team genuinely feared the scene — and the film's frank depiction of a male homosexual relationship — could end careers. The revelation that a mainstream, commercially released American film would show such explicit same-sex material sent ripples through Hollywood's more conservative corners and made the picture a lightning rod for censorship and moral panic during the fraught cultural moment of 1969.
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