Close Encounters of the Third Kind began as a much darker and more conventional government-conspiracy project than the emotionally transcendent film audiences eventually saw. Spielberg hired Paul Schrader in December 1973, while the project was still titled Watch the Skies, but Schrader’s screenplay—eventually called Kingdom Come—centered on a 45-year-old Air Force officer named Paul Van Owen. The character worked for Project Blue Book, whose mission was to ridicule and debunk UFO sightings, until he experienced an encounter himself and threatened to expose the government’s secrets. Schrader imagined a story in which the officer and the authorities spent fifteen years trying to establish contact, making the script a morally anguished political thriller rather than Spielberg’s portrait of an ordinary family man overwhelmed by wonder. Spielberg later called it “one of the most embarrassing screenplays ever professionally turned in” to a major studio or director and said it was a “terribly guilt-ridden story not about UFOs at all.” John Hill was brought in for a rewrite, but Spielberg ultimately rejected the Schrader-Hill direction as too much like a James Bond adventure. David Giler later rewrote the material, while Hal Barwood and Matthew Robbins suggested the kidnapped-child storyline that became central to the finished film. The bitter creative rupture was followed by Spielberg rewriting the screenplay himself and transforming the protagonist into blue-collar electrical worker Roy Neary.
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