By the time Francis Ford Coppola accepted The Cotton Club, the project had already survived years of delays, failed partnerships, and a revolving door of creative personnel. Robert Altman had originally been announced as director and Mario Puzo as screenwriter, but Altman departed after the collapse of the Evans-Paramount arrangement. Coppola, deeply in debt after financing One from the Heart himself and facing the bankruptcy of Zoetrope Studios, agreed to rewrite and direct the picture largely because he needed the money. The production then became a screenplay marathon: William Kennedy prepared a rehearsal script in only eight days, the cast rehearsed for three weeks, and as many as twelve scripts were produced between July 15 and August 22, 1983, with Kennedy later estimating that thirty to forty versions were drafted. Gregory Hines claimed that enough material for a three-hour film was shot during rehearsals alone. More than 600 workers built sets, costumes, and musical arrangements at an estimated $250,000 per day, while crew members were abruptly dismissed and costs rapidly exceeded the budget. Because the script was still being rewritten and technically incomplete, Evans withheld part of Coppola’s reported $4 million salary. Coppola responded by walking off the set and refusing to continue until he was paid. The dispute became a public postmortem after release: Evans blamed Coppola for rejecting the script, hiring his own crew, falling behind schedule, and driving up expenses, while Coppola maintained that without his intervention the film would never have been completed. The finished movie took five years to reach the screen and became a commercial disappointment despite strong reviews and major award nominations.
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