The production went looking for the wintry atmosphere of a Russian Jewish shtetl in what was then Yugoslavia, selecting locations in Mala Gorica, Lekenik, and Zagreb in the Croatian republic partly because heavy snow had appeared during scouting in 1969. But when principal photography began in 1970, the expected snowfall failed to materialize. Rather than abandon the locations or wait indefinitely for weather, the filmmakers created artificial winter conditions by shipping in marble dust and spreading it across the landscape as a substitute for snow. The practical compromise is an unusually tangible reminder of how large-scale location filmmaking could depend on logistics, weather luck, and improvised visual effects. The production also used hundreds of multilingual extras, geese, pigs, and animal handlers to make Anatevka feel populated, turning the supposedly remote Ukrainian village into a carefully engineered cinematic environment.
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