Airplane! was deliberately built on the bones of the 1957 aviation thriller Zero Hour!, borrowing its central emergency plot, character types, dramatic structure, and, in some cases, dialogue. The resemblance was so extensive that writers-directors David Zucker, Jim Abrahams, and Jerry Zucker did not simply assume parody law would protect them: they negotiated rights to Zero Hour! through Warner Bros. and Paramount for roughly $2,500. Their film also drew heavily on Universal’s Airport cycle, especially Airport 1975, whose disaster-movie conventions supplied several targets for ridicule. Before release, Universal Pictures filed a complaint against Paramount, arguing that Airplane!’s similarity to the Airport films—and the connection between its title and the Airport series—crossed the line from parody into plagiarism. The dispute went before a Motion Picture Association of America arbitration board. Paramount ultimately agreed that the film would be retitled Flying High! for its international release, a concession that acknowledged the studio’s concern without stopping the comedy’s American rollout. The controversy also affected casting: ZAZ agreed not to hire their first choice, singer Helen Reddy, as the singing nun because her appearance in a role resembling her Airport 1975 character could have made the imitation look even more legally vulnerable. Despite the complaint and the unusual title change, Airplane! became a major worldwide hit and is now regarded as a landmark parody—its near-copying of Zero Hour! having been transformed from a liability into part of the film’s celebrated construction.
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