Haskell Wexler and Saul Landau’s 1971 documentary was already politically explosive: it recorded testimony from 17 Brazilian prisoners who had been tortured by the country’s military regime and later sent into exile in Chile in exchange for kidnapped Swiss ambassador Giovanni Bucher. The former prisoners reenacted methods including the pau de arara, in which a victim was suspended painfully from a pole, making the film one of the earliest cinematic records of systematic torture in Latin America. Its New York premiere at the Whitney Museum on October 21, 1971, was accompanied by an interview with Chilean president Salvador Allende, while a later WNET broadcast brought the testimony to American television. The film’s political danger became personal for Brazilian diplomat Jom Tob Azulay, who privately screened it for performers Antônio Carlos Jobim and Elis Regina in the 1970s. Azulay was subsequently persecuted by Brazil’s military government, an episode that helped explain why the film remained largely unseen in Brazil for decades. It did not receive a Brazilian television broadcast until August 2012, and some of its interview subjects reportedly saw the completed film in its entirety for the first time at a 2012 Rio de Janeiro screening. Azulay later attributed the film’s obscurity to Brazil’s repressed society and what he called a national 'veil of forgetfulness' surrounding torture.
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